The Department is divided into nine Sections, two Sections headed by a Joint Secretary namely; (i ) Nutrition and (ii) Disabled Welfare,  one Section headed by Deputy Secretary i.e, Co-ordination and Accounts and six Sections headed by a Under Secretary namely; (i) ICDS (ii) Women Welfare (iii) Child Welfare (iv) Social Defence (v) Field Establishment (vi) Positive Deviance, SABALA and IGMSY. The work relating to Field Establishment and Coordination is monitored by Additional Secretary, while the work relating to Plan, Budget and Audit is under the charge of Financial Adviser-cum-Joint Secretary. Apart from those, there is one Monitoring (MIS) cell headed by Deputy Director (Statistics) which is maintaining information pertaining to different programmes implemented by this Department. 

The Department has elaborate field functionaries with the District Social Welfare Officer (DSWO) at each district level to assist the Collector in the District and a Sub-divisional Social Welfare Officer (SSWO) in every sub-division to assist the Sub- Collector. Besides this, there are Social Educational Organizers (SEOs) /Lady Social Educational Organizers (LSEOs) at the Block level who assist the Block Administration in implementing various social welfare programmes. Under the ICDS, there is a Project in every Community Development Block headed by a Child Development Project Officer (CDPO) and 12 ICDS Projects in 12 urban local bodies. Each ICDS Project is divided into 5-6 Sectors on average. Each sector is headed by a Supervisor, who oversees the work of 20-25 Anganwadi Centres (AWC) functioning at the village level. Each Anganwadi Centre covers a population of about 400-800 in the non-tribal areas and 300-800 in the tribal areas and is run by an Anganwadi Worker (AWW) with the assistance of an Anganwadi Helper (AWH).

At the state level, the Department has a composite Directorate working within the Department itself headed by the Director, Social Welfare.. The Department has under its aegis six statutory bodies, namely: (a) State Commission for Women (SCW) (b) State Council for Child Welfare (SCCW), (c) State Social Welfare Board (SSWAB) (d) Mahila Vikas Samabaya Nigam (MVSN) (e) State Commissioner for Person with Disability (SCPWD) and (f) State Commissioner fpr Protection of Child Rights (SCPCR).